How Often Should PAT Testing Be Done? Risk-Based Frequency Guide
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PAT testing is not automatically an annual task. The right maintenance plan depends on how equipment is used, how likely it is to deteriorate and the consequences of a fault.
This guide separates user checks, formal visual inspection and combined inspection/testing, then explains how to choose and review the intervals.
The core principle: testing frequency is risk-based
Choose inspection and test intervals from the equipment, environment, use, manufacturer instructions and previous findings. There is no universal annual PAT interval. HSE explains the risk-based approach.
The IET removed the old frequency table from the fifth edition of its Code of Practice; it did not replace it with a new set of fixed intervals. Read the IET explanation.
The three types of check
Maintenance normally combines the following activities. The mix and frequency depend on the risks.
User checks
User checks look for obvious problems such as damaged cables, plugs and enclosures. Give users enough instruction to recognise and report defects without opening equipment or attempting repairs.
Formal visual inspections
A more thorough visual inspection carried out by a competent person (who could be the same person as the tester, or a separately trained inspector). This covers everything a user would notice plus more detailed checks — plug interior, fuse rating, correct appliance class, suitable environment. No testing equipment is needed. Formal inspections are typically done at a higher frequency than combined testing.
Combined inspection and testing (a full PAT test)
Combined inspection and testing adds appropriate electrical measurements to the visual inspection. The competent tester selects the tests needed for the equipment.
How frequency differs between environments
An environment name alone cannot set a safe test interval. Use these prompts to decide what needs closer attention; they are not prescribed testing periods.
| Environment | What affects the maintenance plan? |
|---|---|
| Construction and workshops | Water, dust, repeated movement, impact damage and site-specific requirements. |
| Schools and public venues | Who uses the equipment, supervision, damage reporting and specialist equipment. |
| Offices | Mobile chargers and frequently handled leads may need more attention than protected desktop equipment. |
| Rented accommodation | National housing rules, licence conditions, appliance condition and changes in occupancy. |
| Hire equipment | Condition before supply and return, previous use and the hire company's documented system. |
HSE's HSG107 and low-risk workplace leaflet give context for planning maintenance. Their examples must be read with their stated scope and adjusted to the actual risk.
Quick reference: appliance type definitions
If you're wondering why "portable," "movable," "handheld" and "stationary" matter — each has a specific meaning in PAT testing terminology:
- Handheld — used while being held (drills, kettles, hairdryers, irons)
- Portable — less than 18kg, intended to be moved while in use (microwaves, toasters, small desk fans)
- Movable — 18kg or less, not designed to move during use but easily picked up (small fridges, desktop PCs)
- Stationary — over 18kg, not normally moved (photocopiers, large printers, commercial cookers)
- Fixed — fastened to a support or otherwise secured in a location (wall-mounted heaters, hand dryers)
- IT equipment — handled as its own category, generally lower-risk than similar industrial equipment
The class of appliance — Class 1 or Class 2 — is a completely different distinction based on how the appliance protects against electric shock. Our Class 1 vs Class 2 guide explains the difference with examples.
How to work out the right interval for your own premises
If your environment doesn't fit neatly into one of the categories above, you need to do a short risk assessment and come to your own conclusion. The HSE specifically supports this approach. Consider:
- How often is the equipment moved? More movement = more chance of cable damage
- How harsh is the environment? Damp, dusty, hot, vibration-exposed environments damage equipment faster
- Who uses the equipment? Untrained users, children or the public create higher risk than trained staff
- What's the consequence of a failure? An industrial heater failing is different from a desk lamp failing
- What does the manufacturer recommend? Some appliances have specific maintenance intervals
Record why you chose the intervals and review them against defects, changes in use and manufacturer advice. Do not treat an example from a different workplace as a guaranteed safe schedule.
Common mistakes businesses make on frequency
Testing everything annually can over-test some equipment and miss the need for more frequent attention elsewhere. Keep user checks and defect reporting active between formal visits.
Using the same interval across different environments. A building company with both an office and an active site should absolutely not be using the same frequency for both.
Forgetting equipment hired in or brought by staff. Any equipment being used on your premises is your responsibility — including employees' personal kit (chargers, desk fans, kettles brought in for the kitchen). It should all be included in the regime.
Record why you chose the intervals and review them against defects, changes in use and manufacturer advice. Do not treat an example from a different workplace as a guaranteed safe schedule.
Frequently asked questions
How often should PAT testing be done in an office?
Choose inspection and test intervals from the equipment, environment, use, manufacturer instructions and previous findings. There is no universal annual PAT interval. HSE explains the risk-based approach.
The IET removed the old frequency table from the fifth edition of its Code of Practice; it did not replace it with a new set of fixed intervals. Read the IET explanation.
Is PAT testing required annually?
There is no general annual PAT requirement under the Electricity at Work Regulations. A specific licence, contract, manufacturer instruction or risk assessment may still require a particular interval.
How often do PAT tests need to be done for landlords?
The rules depend on the nation, tenancy and licence. In Scotland, Repairing Standard guidance D.56 includes appliance inspection/testing before first letting and at intervals no greater than five years; a new tenancy alone does not require a repeat when the inspection remains current. Shorter intervals may be needed. Scottish Repairing Standard guidance.
In England, distinguish private renting from social housing: the regulations require fixed-installation inspections, and the 2025 extension also requires social landlords to arrange checks of supplied electrical equipment at least every five years. Private-landlord appliance duties and any licence conditions must still be met. Current England guidance and transitional dates.
For Wales and Northern Ireland, check the applicable national housing rules and the property's licence rather than applying the England or Scotland rules automatically. Across all nations, record the agreed maintenance plan and act on damage as soon as it is reported.
Do PAT testing certificates expire?
A report records findings on the inspection date. It is not a guarantee of safety until a printed date. Follow the maintenance schedule and investigate new damage immediately.
How often does new equipment need PAT testing?
New equipment supplied in safe condition normally needs a simple visual check for damage rather than routine instrument testing. Enter it into the appropriate maintenance system and assess any damage, modification or other concern before use.
Where training fits in
A PAT course can help develop inspection and testing skills. Competence also depends on practical ability, experience, the equipment involved and understanding the results. Successful learners on our classroom course receive a Skills Training Group certificate within one working day. Check the course scope and arrange additional training or specialist assistance for work outside it. See the course details and available locations.
The bottom line
Choose a proportionate maintenance plan, explain the reasons for it, and change it when equipment condition or use changes. Review user checks, formal inspections and instrument tests separately.
